Taraweeh Top 🔟
Juz 24 (Surah Az Zumar, Al Ghafir, and Fussilat)
Here are some beneficial fruits 🍐 from the Quran:
1.) The root (ث - و - ي), according to classical sources, indicates the meaning of stability and residence in a place. From this root, we obtain the commonly-occuring word in the Quran: مَثْوًى, which means “abode, residence,” such as occurs in verse 39:32. This word can be used for both disbelievers and believers within their respective contexts.
2.) The root (ك - ت - م) refers to hiding and covering something. From this, we obtain the verb كَتَمَ - يَكْتُمُ, the present-tense of which appears in verse 40:28, describing a believer from the people of Pharaoh who was hiding his faith. This verb also describes the general idea of hiding or covering something, and as such, we obtain the verbal noun (مصدر) of كِتْمَانٌ, which is the action of concealing/hiding itself.
3.) The word مِثْل means “the example of” or “to the similitude of.” Its root is (م - ث - ل) refers to something being similar to something else. In fact, when we say that someone is مِثل to someone else, we are saying that said person is an analogous counterpart to someone else. Also from this root is the word مَثَلٌ, which means “proverb/saying,” called as such because a proverb is similar to a collection of sayings that impart wisdom. The word مِثْل is common in the Quran, such as in verse 40:31, in which the verse compares the downfall of the various transgressing nations
4.) The word التَّنَاد originally refers to the fleeing of a camel. It also refers to the action of calling out to someone. In verse 40:32, it comes as the expression يَومَ التَّنَادِ, which to the Day in which everyone will flee from everyone else out of dread. The Day of Judgment is also referred to as يَومَ التَّنَادِ because of a few reasons mentioned by the scholars of tafsir: 1.) The inhabitants of the Fire will call out to the inhabitants of Paradise and vice versa, and 2.) the transgressors on that Day will call out in anguish and regret on that day due to their actions in the first life.
5.) The verb أَدْبَرَ is used frequently in the Quran, and it can come with a number of meanings. A common meaning is to turn one’s back and flee, as occurs in verse 40:33, in which the doer pattern (اسم الفاعل) of مُدْبِرِينَ is used. The root is (د - ب - ر), which refers to the end/appendage of something. From this root, we obtain the word دُبُرٌ, which refers to the backside of a person. In fact, its opposite is قُبُلٌ. This also relates to the word used in ayah 40:33 in that مُدْبِرينَ refers to those who will turn on their backs and run away on Judgment Day
6.) The root (ع - ص - م) refers to protection and prevention. From this root, we obtain the word عِصْمَةٌ, which refers to the infallibility of the prophets عليهم الصلاة والسلام, called as such because God has protected them from committing any sins. From this root, we also obtain the doer pattern (اسم الفاعل) of عَاصِم, as is seen in verse 40:33, referring to God as being the only Protector on Judgment Day
7.) The root (ر - ي - ب) refers to having doubt or fear in a matter. From this root, we obtain the word رَيبٌ, which means “doubt,” and which is seen in the second ayah of Surah Al Baqarah, in which God states that ذلك الكتابُ لا ريبَ فيه (“That is the Book in which there is no doubt”). This root is also seen in the Verb Form III as اِرْتَاب in verse 40:34, specifically as its doer pattern (اسم الفاعل) of مُرْتَابٌ, meaning “doubters.”
8.) The root is (م - ق - ت) refers to intense hatred and ugly character. From this root, we obtain the word مَقْتٌ, meaning “hatred, animosity”. This word appears in verse 40:35, in which the animosity of those who dispute God’s Signs is made apparent. In Pre-Islamic days (عصر الجاهلية), a time in which the Arabs essentially had no ethical or moral code, they had a term called نِكَاحُ المَقْتِ (“the marriage of hatred, the despised marriage”), in which a man would marry the wife of his father.
9.) The root (ت - ب - ب) refers to utter loss, destruction, and ruin. The phrase تَبًّا لَهُ was used to indicate destruction for someone as a way of rebuking them. When the Prophet ﷺ called out to his people during the first days of his prophethood, Abu Jahl rebuked him using this word (تَبًّا), effectively calling for his ruin. God then revealed Surah Al-Masad (سورة المسد), in which God used the same root (in the form of the verb تَبَّتْ) to indicate that Abu Jahl is the one who is truly in perdition. This root is also seen in its مصدر (verbal noun) form of تَبَاب in verse 40:37, in which God describes Pharaoh’s plotting as futile.
10.) The root (ج - ر - م) originally refers to the plucking of a fruit from its tree. From this, we obtain all sorts of meanings. The word جَرَم means “doubt”, while جِرْمٌ refers to “body” (both physically and metaphorically, called as such as because the body has segmented body parts), while جُرْمٌ refers to “crime” (another similar word for a crime is جَرِيمَةٌ) (credit for this goes to my own teacher, who explained this subtle nuance to me). The word جَرِيمَةٌ (“crime”) relates to its root in that a crime is “earned” by someone who commits it has essentially seized (“plucked or cut off”) something from someone else, such as occurs in the sin of theft.